Fiat 600 Multipla
The Fiat 600, introduced in 1955, was another masterwork of packaging by Dante Giacosa, the engineering genius behind the Topolino. The standard 600 sedan was a rear-engined, rear-wheel-drive city car that provided genuinely usable four-seat transportation in a package barely larger than the tiny Topolino. But it was the Multipla variant that demonstrated the most remarkable ingenuity.
The Fiat 600 Multipla, launched alongside the standard car in 1956, is widely recognized as the world's first multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) or people carrier. By moving the driver's seat forward over the front axle and reconfiguring the interior, Giacosa created a vehicle that could seat six people in three rows of two, within the same overall footprint as the standard four-seat 600. This was an astonishing achievement of packaging efficiency.
The Multipla's distinctive cab-forward body, with its flat windshield and upright stance, created an appearance that was charming in its honest functionality. The rear engine layout freed up the front of the vehicle for passenger accommodation, and the flat floor (with no driveshaft tunnel) allowed flexible seating arrangements. Some Multiplas were configured as taxis, with the front row of seats facing backward.
Mechanically, the Multipla shared the 600's rear-mounted 633cc inline-four engine (later upgraded to 767cc), producing between 22 and 32 horsepower depending on version. While this was modest, the Multipla's light weight of approximately 640 kilograms meant that performance was adequate for urban use. The four-speed manual gearbox provided well-spaced ratios, and the independent suspension at all four corners provided a comfortable ride.
The 600 and its Multipla variant were produced in enormous numbers, with combined production exceeding 2.6 million units. The Multipla was widely used as a taxi in Italian cities, a commercial vehicle, and a family transporter, roles in which its flexible seating and compact dimensions excelled.
Today, the 600 Multipla is a beloved classic that represents Italian automotive ingenuity at its most resourceful. The original Multipla concept, of providing maximum interior space in minimum exterior dimensions, was decades ahead of its time and would not be revisited by mainstream manufacturers until the 1980s and 1990s.
Multipla versions are more valuable than standard 600s. Check for rust throughout, especially in the floor pans and sills. The rear-mounted engine is accessible but parts can be scarce for early 633cc versions. Four-speed gearbox is reliable but can be notchy when worn. Suspension bushings deteriorate with age. Interior trim is typically spartan. Verify body configuration (passenger vs. taxi vs. commercial).
The standard 600 and Multipla combined exceeded 2.6 million units from 1955-1969. The Multipla (1956-1966) seated six in three rows. Engine options: 633cc (22hp) and 767cc (32hp). The Multipla was used extensively as a taxi in Italian cities. Also available in van and commercial configurations. Dante Giacosa designed both the 600 and the Multipla. Licensed production in several countries.