Moskvitch 407 Sedan
The Moskvitch 407 was one of the most important Soviet cars of the late 1950s and early 1960s — a competent, well-built compact sedan that earned respect both domestically and internationally. Produced from 1958 to 1963 at the AZLK factory in Moscow, it represented a significant advancement over its predecessor, the 402.
The 407 introduced a new 1.4-liter OHV (overhead valve) engine replacing the side-valve unit of the 402. This was a significant technical upgrade, providing 45 hp and notably improved performance and efficiency. The four-speed manual gearbox, independent front suspension, and hydraulic brakes gave the 407 a driving experience that was competitive with comparable Western European cars of the era.
The 407 was one of the Soviet Union's most successful export cars. It was sold in Western Europe, Scandinavia, and developing countries, priced significantly below Western competitors. In Finland and Belgium, it achieved respectable sales. More remarkably, Moskvitch 407s competed in international rally events, achieving notable results in the 1000 Lakes Rally and other Scandinavian events, proving that Soviet engineering could compete on the world stage.
The car's build quality was robust — designed for Soviet road conditions, it could withstand punishment that would defeat more delicate Western cars. The body was solidly constructed, the suspension was heavy-duty, and the mechanical components were built to be serviced with basic tools in remote locations.
Approximately 360,000 units were produced, making it one of the higher-volume Moskvitch models. The 407 was available in several variants including a estate wagon (Moskvitch 423) and a delivery van. The rally-prepared versions featured twin carburetors and other modifications.
The 407 was succeeded by the Moskvitch 408, which introduced a completely new body design while retaining the proven OHV engine. The 407 remains popular with collectors in Russia and Finland, where its rally heritage is celebrated.
Most surviving examples are in Russia and Finland. The 407 is robust and mechanically simple. Check for body rust (especially in floor pans and sills), engine oil consumption, and suspension wear. Parts are available through Russian and Finnish specialist suppliers. The OHV engine is reliable and easy to maintain. Rally-provenance cars are significantly more valuable. Finnish-market cars often have better rust protection and documentation.
Approximately 359,980 units produced from 1958 to 1963 at AZLK, Moscow. New 1.4L OHV engine replaced the side-valve unit. Exported to Finland, Belgium, Scandinavia, and developing countries. Rally versions competed in international events. Variants included 423 wagon and delivery van. Succeeded by 408.