Ferrari 512 BB
The Ferrari 512 BB (Berlinetta Boxer) was the evolution of the groundbreaking 365 GT4 BB, enlarging the flat-12 engine to a full five liters and refining the formula that had established Ferrari's mid-engined supercar credentials. Introduced in 1976, the '512' designation followed Ferrari tradition: 5 liters, 12 cylinders.
The engine was expanded from 4,390 cc to 4,942 cc through increases in both bore and stroke. Despite the larger displacement, the rated power output actually decreased slightly from 380 to 360 horsepower (DIN) at 6,200 rpm — but torque increased substantially from 415 to 451 Nm, available lower in the rev range. This made the 512 BB a more tractable and relaxing car to drive than its predecessor, with a broader power band that required less frantic gear-changing.
Visually, the 512 BB was subtly updated from the 365 GT4 BB. The most obvious changes were a small front chin spoiler, NACA ducts relocated on the lower flanks, a four-tailpipe exhaust system (replacing the six pipes of the 365), and revised rear light clusters. The overall silhouette remained the same stunning Pininfarina shape, retaining the distinctive two-tone treatment with matte black lower bodywork.
The chassis carried over from the 365 GT4 BB with minimal changes. The tubular steel space frame, independent double-wishbone suspension at all four corners, and ventilated disc brakes were retained. The wider rear tires (from 225 to 240 section) improved grip but also marginally increased understeer.
The 512 BB continued to be unavailable officially in the United States. American enthusiasts who wanted one had to import them privately through gray-market channels. This changed in 1981 when the 512 BBi (fuel-injected) was introduced with Bosch K-Jetronic injection, which could be more easily adapted to meet US emissions standards.
In total, 929 carbureted 512 BBs were produced between 1976 and 1981 — making it roughly 2.5 times more common than the preceding 365 GT4 BB. An additional 1,007 fuel-injected 512 BBi models followed through 1984. The carbureted version is generally preferred by enthusiasts for its sharper throttle response and higher perceived character, though the BBi was actually the more practical and reliable daily proposition.
The 512 BB represents the sweet spot of the Berlinetta Boxer lineage — more refined and torquey than the original 365 GT4 BB, yet still carbureted and characterful unlike the fuel-injected BBi. Its dramatic wedge shape, unique flat-12 engine note, and mid-1970s supercar presence make it a highly desirable collector car that remains more accessible than many comparable Ferraris.
The 512 BB is more attainable than the rarer 365 GT4 BB but shares most of the same mechanical components. Matching numbers (engine, gearbox, chassis) are essential for top values. The flat-12 engine requires specialist maintenance — timing belt replacement is critical and expensive. Chassis rust is the biggest concern — inspect sills, floor, and around the fuel tanks. The four triple-choke Weber carburetors need expert tuning but reward with excellent throttle response. Clutch replacement requires engine removal — check condition carefully. Gray-market US imports may have been poorly converted. Air conditioning, while optional, was fitted to most cars and is essential for usability. Budget $350,000-$550,000 for good examples.
929 carbureted 512 BBs were produced between 1976 and 1981. The engine grew from 4.4 to 4.9 liters, but rated power dropped from 380 to 360 hp due to detuning for emissions and driveability. Torque increased substantially. Not officially sold in the US. Succeeded by the fuel-injected 512 BBi (1981-1984, 1,007 units). The 512 BB was also raced in modified form, notably at Le Mans by Pozzi and other privateer teams.